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Home sewage treatment plant - types, permits and assembly
A household sewage treatment plant is a useful solution that should be found in every single-family home. It is particularly useful in the case of houses located in a dispersed building, where connection of a collective sewerage network is not very profitable.
How does the sewage treatment plant work?
How does the sewage treatment plant work?
The principle of operation of a household sewage treatment plant is very simple. It is based on natural biological processes occurring inside the plant that distribute sewage into simple and - most importantly - harmless to the environment mineral compounds that can be safely discharged into nearby ditches, rivers or soil.
In all types of household sewage treatment plants, an anaerobic and later oxygen treatment of sewage takes place. In the first stage in the chamber there is a biochemical process caused by anaerobic bacteria. Part of the sludge is fermented and decomposed. This creates so-called gray water, which flows further into the well.
In the second stage, sewage is clarified and subjected to further purification, already under aerobic conditions. Then, pollution harmful to the environment is neutralized.
Types of household sewage treatment plants
- Drainage treatment plant
It is characterized by simple construction, low failure rate and low cost of execution. One of its types is a sewage treatment plant with drainage drainage. This technology requires permeable soil and drainage pipes that must run at least 1.5 m above groundwater. The settling tank pre-treats the wastewater that is discharged into the distribution pit. From there, they go to the drainage pipe system, and then the plot filters the rest. Aeration chimneys or a drainage tunnel provide an aerobic wastewater treatment stage.
In this type of treatment plants, there may also be a bed with a sand or gravel filter. This solution is used on ground that is poorly permeable, or where the state of groundwater is high. Such soil is removed at about 1.5 m and replaces with sand or gravel, creating a natural filter.
- Biological treatment plant
The biological wastewater treatment plant has a compact construction and usually occupies about 8 m2, and its location is not limited by the type of soil or groundwater. The cost of construction of such a treatment plant is higher than in the case of a drainage treatment plant. One of its types is a sewage treatment plant with activated sludge. The settler serves as a pre-filtering in the first chamber, and the aeration takes place in the second chamber. In the third chamber there is a secondary settling tank. The floating organisms oxygenate the sewage into sediment and liquid, and the hypoxic sediment falls to the bottom and is pumped to the secondary settling tank.
Another type is a biological treatment plant with a biological deposit composed of stones, a molded part and a polyethylene mesh. Bacteria grow on the surface of the deposit, which feed on the compounds contained in the sewage, purifying them. As a result of repeated flow through the bed and the biological membrane, the sewage is cleaned and can be safely discharged into the ground.
The text was created in cooperation with Building companion .
- Drainage treatment plant
It is characterized by simple construction, low failure rate and low cost of execution. One of its types is a sewage treatment plant with drainage drainage. This technology requires permeable soil and drainage pipes that must run at least 1.5 m above groundwater. The settling tank pre-treats the wastewater that is discharged into the distribution pit. From there, they go to the drainage pipe system, and then the plot filters the rest. Aeration chimneys or a drainage tunnel provide an aerobic wastewater treatment stage.
In this type of treatment plants, there may also be a bed with a sand or gravel filter. This solution is used on ground that is poorly permeable, or where the state of groundwater is high. Such soil is removed at about 1.5 m and replaces with sand or gravel, creating a natural filter.
- Biological treatment plant
The biological wastewater treatment plant has a compact construction and usually occupies about 8 m2, and its location is not limited by the type of soil or groundwater. The cost of construction of such a treatment plant is higher than in the case of a drainage treatment plant. One of its types is a sewage treatment plant with activated sludge. The settler serves as a pre-filtering in the first chamber, and the aeration takes place in the second chamber. In the third chamber there is a secondary settling tank. The floating organisms oxygenate the sewage into sediment and liquid, and the hypoxic sediment falls to the bottom and is pumped to the secondary settling tank.
Another type is a biological treatment plant with a biological deposit composed of stones, a molded part and a polyethylene mesh. Bacteria grow on the surface of the deposit, which feed on the compounds contained in the sewage, purifying them. As a result of repeated flow through the bed and the biological membrane, the sewage is cleaned and can be safely discharged into the ground.
The text was created in cooperation with Building companion .
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07/03/2025 14:05
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