Windsor Castle (England) - royal residence

Windsor Castle is one of the most famous and historically important castles in the world. It has been the main residence of English monarchs outside London for almost nine centuries, and its majestic towers and walls rise above the Thames, attracting approximately one million tourists annually. Why is Windsor Castle so special? Let's take a look at its history, architecture and curiosities that make it an absolutely unique place.

History of Windsor Castle

The history of Windsor Castle dates back to the 11th century, when William the Conqueror decided to build a wooden fortress on a hill above the Thames. It was a strategic defensive point, controlling the approaches to London. Initially, the fortress was modest, but its importance increased over time. In the 12th century, Henry II modernized the castle, replacing wooden elements with stone ones. It was then that the castle began to take on its characteristic, monumental appearance.

In the following centuries, the castle was expanded by various monarchs. Edward III in the 14th century made Windsor his main residence and significantly expanded the castle, adding, among other things, the famous Round Tower. Charles II carried out further renovation works in the 17th century, giving the castle a more modern look and functionality. The castle gained its current shape mainly thanks to these two monarchs, although subsequent generations added their elements to this monumental building.

Architecture and interiors of Windsor Castle

Windsor Castle is a true architectural masterpiece. Its heart is the cylindrical keep, or Round Tower, which dominates the entire structure. There are two main courtyards around it: a higher courtyard on the eastern side and a lower courtyard on the western side. The keep is surrounded by powerful defensive walls, which give the castle an impressive appearance.

The royal private apartments are located on the eastern side of the upper courtyard. This is where Queen Elizabeth II lived, spending many weekends surrounded by her family and receiving both official and private guests. These apartments are closed to the public, which adds even more mystery to them.

The state apartments are located on the northern side of the castle. Among them, the famous doll's house stands out, with as many as 40 rooms, including five bathrooms and an elevator. It is a masterpiece of miniature architecture that delights both children and adults.

The largest room in the castle isSt. Jerzy, 55.5 meters long and 9 meters wide. This is where the most important ceremonies and banquets take place. This hall is a real architectural gem, with beautifully decorated ceilings and walls that tell the story of the British monarchy.

Chapel of St. George

One of the most important buildings on the grounds of Windsor Castle is St. George. This is a place of great religious and historical importance. The chapel was built in the 15th century and is one of the finest examples of late Gothic architecture in England.

Chapel of St. George is the resting place of many British monarchs, including Henry VIII and Charles I. In the chapel's chancel hang the banners of the Knights of the Order of the Garter, the oldest and most prestigious order of chivalry in England. This order was established by Edward III in 1348 and is still awarded by the monarch today.

The chapel is also the site of many important royal ceremonies, including weddings and funerals. It was here that the wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle took place in 2018, which attracted attention from around the world.

Windsor Castle as a tourist attraction

Windsor Castle is one of the main tourist attractions in Great Britain. Every year it is visited by approximately one million tourists who come from all over the world to admire its beauty and learn about the history of the British monarchy.

Visitors can see many impressive rooms, including the State Apartments and St. George. They can also admire the beautiful castle gardens and walk along the defensive walls, from which there is a wonderful view of the surrounding area.

One of the most interesting elements of the tour is the Round Tower. It is worth climbing to the top to admire the panorama of Windsor and the surrounding area. The tower is 65 meters high and its structure is a true masterpiece of medieval engineering.

Interesting facts about Windsor Castle

Windsor Castle is full of fascinating facts and curiosities. Here are some of them:

The largest inhabited castle in the world: Windsor Castle is the largest inhabited castle in the world. It covers an area of ​​5 hectares and is 800 meters long. Its surface area is 45,000 m².

A thousand rooms: The castle has as many as a thousand rooms, making it one of the most extensive castles in Europe. Each of these rooms has its own unique story and function.

Queen Mary's Dolls' House: One of the most interesting exhibits in the castle is Queen Mary's Dolls' House. It was built between 1920 and 1924 and is equipped with every possible convenience, including working waterworks and electric lighting.

Chapel of St. George: The chapel is the burial place of 10 monarchs, including Henry VIII and Charles I. It is also the place where ceremonies of the Order of the Garter, the oldest order of chivalry in England, take place.

Castle Gardens: The castle is surrounded by beautiful gardens that are open to visitors. These gardens are carefully tended and offer a wonderful place to relax and stroll.

Fire in 1992: In 1992, Windsor Castle was severely damaged by fire. The fire destroyed many important rooms, including the Saint's Hall. George. The repair and renovation of the castle cost over £36 million and took five years.

Windsor Castle awards and distinctions

Windsor Castle, thanks to its historical significance and architectural beauty, has received many awards and distinctions. As one of the main residences of the British monarchs, it is often considered one of the most important and prestigious castles in the world.

One of the most important distinctions it has received is being included on the list of Class I monuments by the British organization English Heritage. This means that the castle is considered a building of exceptional historical and architectural importance, which requires its protection and conservation.

In addition, Windsor Castle has received numerous awards from various tourism organizations for its commitment to promoting cultural heritage and historical education. In 2019, the castle was awarded the prestigious VisitEngland's Awards for Excellence, which recognizes the best tourist attractions in England.

Films and books featuring Windsor Castle

Windsor Castle has gained enormous popularity not only as a tourist attraction, but also as a setting in many films and books. Its impressive architecture and rich history provide the perfect backdrop for various film and literary productions.

In the world of films, Windsor Castle has appeared in many productions. One of the most famous films in which he appeared is "The Young Victoria" from 2009, telling the story of the young Queen Victoria. The castle also served as an inspiration and setting for James Bond films such as 1981's "For Your Eyes Only".

We also cannot forget about the popular series "The Crown", which presents in detail the life of the British royal family. Although most scenes were filmed in other locations, Windsor Castle often appears as a symbol of the monarchy and an important place in the life of the royal family.

When it comes to literature, Windsor Castle is the setting for many history books and novels. Its majestic walls and rich history have inspired authors such as Philippa Gregory, who in her book "The White Queen" mentions Windsor as one of the main locations.

Windsor Castle also plays an important role in children's literature. In the book "The Queen's Handbag" by Steve Antony, the castle is one of the key places the Queen visits in search of her lost handbag.

Windsor Castle also appears in numerous scientific works and biographies devoted to the British monarchy, which proves its great importance and influence on culture and history.

The modern significance of Windsor Castle

Although Windsor Castle is primarily a royal residence, it also serves an important ceremonial and representative function. It is here that important state ceremonies take place, such as diplomatic receptions or banquets with the participation of heads of state from around the world.

Windsor is also the place where the monarch spends private time with his family. Queen Elizabeth II often spent weekends here, enjoying the peace and beauty of the surroundings. It is a place full of history, but also of everyday royal life.

Summary

Windsor Castle is not only one of the most important royal residences, but also a symbol of British history and tradition. Its impressive architecture, rich history and numerous curiosities make it a place that every history and architecture lover should visit. From its majestic towers to its private apartments, Windsor Castle offers a unique insight into the life of the British Royal Family and is truly a jewel in the crown of British castles.