Kremlin (Moscow, Russia) - fortified complex on the Red Square

The Kremlin in Moscow is one of the most iconic places in the world. Its impressive walls and towers tower over the Moskva River, and inside the complex there are palaces, cathedrals and many other monuments. The history of the Kremlin is fascinating and full of important moments that had a huge impact on the fate of Russia and the entire world. In the article we will look at the history of the Kremlin, its architecture and the importance it has today.

History of the Kremlin: from a wooden settlement to a stone giant

The history of the Kremlin dates back to at least the 12th century, when a settlement began to develop on this site. In those days, the Kremlin was the main defense point, built of wood and surrounded by moats. It was a meeting point of trade routes, which contributed to its development as an administrative center.

In the 14th century, the Kremlin underwent a huge metamorphosis - from a wooden fortress it became a stone giant. Reconstruction into a stone one significantly strengthened its defense. It was then that the first stone towers and walls, which are characteristic of the current appearance of the Kremlin, began to be built. During this period, the Kremlin became the seat of Moscow princes and then tsars, which only strengthened its position as the center of power.

During the times of the Tsars, the Kremlin was a place of great celebrations and ceremonies. Tsars were crowned here and other important events such as weddings and funerals took place here. In the 16th century, during the reign of Ivan the Terrible, the Kremlin became the center of power in Russia. It was also then that some of the most famous buildings were built, such as the Ivan the Great bell tower.

The Kremlin in the Bolshevik era and modern times

After the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, the Kremlin became the seat of the Soviet government. It was here that Lenin and his successors made key decisions regarding the state. During this period, many monuments were destroyed or modernized, but the Kremlin remained the center of power in the USSR until its collapse in 1991.

After the collapse of the USSR, the Kremlin became the seat of the President of Russia. Currently, it serves both a political and historical function, attracting crowds of tourists from all over the world. Its monumental buildings and fascinating history make it one of the most visited places in Moscow. The Kremlin is also the site of many important cathedrals and churches, which are not only places of worship, but also important architectural monuments.

Kremlin architecture: palaces, cathedrals and towers

The Kremlin walls are 18 meters high and stretch for over half a kilometer. They consist of 20 towers, some of which are topped with soaring turrets. The towers are not only a defensive element, but also play an aesthetic role, adding charm to the entire complex. There are characteristic red stars on the tops of some Kremlin towers. These stars are a symbol of Soviet power and were installed during the USSR period. They are perfectly visible from various points of Moscow and add a unique charm to the Kremlin complex.

In 1600, under Tsar Boris Godunov, the soaring bell tower, Ivan the Great, 81 meters high, was completed. The watchtower offers a view of the surrounding area in a radius of over 30 km. This tower is one of the most recognizable symbols of the Kremlin and attracts tourists with its impressive height.

Inside the Kremlin there are many palaces and other monuments. The most important ones include Teremny Palace, the Oruzhionnaya Palace Arsenal, the Palace of Congresses, the Palace of the Patriarchs and the fabulous St. Basil's Church. Each of these facilities has its own unique history and architectural style. Teremny Palace, for example, is known for its richly decorated interior and beautiful frescoes that delight everyone who visits it.

The greatest treasures of the Kremlin: Tsar-kolokol and Tsar-can

One of the most recognizable symbols of the Kremlin is the Tsar Kolokol, the largest bell in the world. It weighs 203 tons and was suspended at the foot of the bell tower of Ivan the Great. Although it has never been used, it is an impressive sight and is one of the most photographed objects in the Kremlin. Its enormous mass and precise workmanship arouse admiration, and legend has it that the sound of this bell could be heard for many kilometers.

Car-can is a huge cannon weighing 40 tons and having a caliber of 89 centimeters. Despite its impressive size, it was never used in combat. It is one of the largest cannons in the world and is a popular attraction for tourists. It was made in 1586 on the orders of Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich and was intended to serve a defensive function. Today it is a symbol of the power and technical proficiency of the craftsmen of that time.

The Kremlin in culture and literature

The Kremlin appears in many films and literary works. It is often used as a background for scenes related to politics or intrigue. In literature, the Kremlin is often depicted as a mysterious place full of secrets, which adds to its romanticism and mysticism. In films, however, it is often the setting for dramatic events, emphasizing its role as the center of power and influence.

The Kremlin has also become a symbol of Russia as a state. Its iconic silhouette is recognizable around the world and is often used as a symbol of Russian power. Many people see the Kremlin as the heart of Russia, which highlights its importance in the country's culture and politics. It is a place where history meets the present, and the old walls tell about the great events of past eras.

Visiting the Kremlin: what is worth seeing?

When visiting the Kremlin, it is worth seeing many different monuments and attractions. In addition to palaces, cathedrals and churches, you can also visit the Kremlin Armory, where there are unique collections of weapons, armor and artifacts related to the history of Russia. You can also visit the Diamond Armory, which contains gems, jewelry and insignia of tsarist power, including the crown of the Russian Empire.

There is a legend that says that the Kremlin once had white walls. The white color symbolized purity and holiness. However, in reality the walls have always been brick, and the white legend comes from the times when some buildings within the Kremlin were whitewashed with lime, which could give the impression that the entire Kremlin was white. This is just one of many fascinating stories that can be discovered during a visit to this extraordinary place.

The Kremlin has long been surrounded by an aura of mystery, and one aspect of this mystery is its alleged secret tunnels and passages. There are many theories about hidden routes underground that were intended to serve as means of escape or hidden corridors for rulers. While most of this is just speculation, some archaeological discoveries suggest that there may indeed have been secret passages.

The Kremlin today: a combination of politics and history

Currently, the Kremlin is the seat of the President of Russia and his administration. In addition, it is an important landmark for tourists and a place of many cultural events. During national holidays, ceremonial parades and other public events take place here, attracting crowds of both Moscow residents and tourists from all over the world. The Kremlin is a place where history meets the present, and its walls still witness important political and social events.

The Kremlin is not only a symbol of Russian power, but also a treasury of culture and history. Its monumental buildings, beautiful cathedrals and fascinating legends attract tourists from all over the world who want to see this extraordinary place with their own eyes. Regardless of whether you are interested in history, architecture, or just want to feel the atmosphere of one of the most important places in Russia, the Kremlin in Moscow will certainly not disappoint you.

Summary

The Kremlin in Moscow is a place that delights with its monumentality and rich history. Its walls and towers hide many secrets, and each corner of this complex tells a different story. From the Middle Ages, through the era of the Tsars, to Soviet times and the present day - the Kremlin has always been the heart of Russia, the place where the most important decisions were made and key events took place. Visiting the Kremlin is a journey through the centuries that allows you to understand how important this place was and is for Russia and the whole world.